Interesting article.
What I find intriguing is how this relates to the spray regime. Organic agriculture is often criticized for using a higher total number of sprays to combat pest and disease (it often does). Sulfur in particular. The resident bacteria in apples apparently has not suffered. A conclusion then is that a smaller number of more questional substances common in IPM and "conventional ag" is more detrimental than a higher number of approved organic sprays. Arlet, the apple used is susceptible to both scab and powdery mildew, so a fair amount of management would be necessary in the location (Austria). This could get very complicated of course. A management approach, like organic, may possibly destroy or subdue organisms that are antagonistic to bacteria, or possibly not. And of course, the final point will be which form of balance will be more beneficial to human beings and the environment (granted that these two do not always align). It would be great if we could post any studies that address other forms of life, particularly fungi. What I really found astounding is how rich the bacterial community is in every last part of the apple. Thank goodness these are not pathogenic to humans (and many are helpful) because as you will read, they are active everywhere, so no amount of hygiene would eliminate them.